Tags https://pubs.ext.vt.edu/tags.resource.html/pubs_ext_vt_edu:wildlife en Wed, 24 May 2023 15:30:17 -0400 http://cyber.law.harvard.edu/rss/rss.html Planting and Managing Switchgrass for Forage, Wildlife, and Conservation https://pubs.ext.vt.edu/418/418-013/418-013.html Thu, 15 Aug 2024 16:22:53 -0400 https://pubs.ext.vt.edu/418/418-013/418-013.html Crop and Soil Environmental SciencesNatural ResourcesPasture & Forage - Crops & SoilsWildlife 2009-05-01T01:00:00.000-04:00

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Virginia Cooperative Extension is a partnership of Virginia Tech, Virginia State University, the U.S. Department of Agriculture, and local governments. Its programs and employment are open to all, regardless of age, color, disability, sex (including pregnancy), gender, gender identity, gender expression, genetic information, ethnicity or national origin, political affiliation, race, religion, sexual orientation, or military status, or any other basis protected by law.

]]> Feeding Wild Birds: Should People Feed Birds and What's Best to Feed Birds? https://pubs.ext.vt.edu/420/420-006/420-006.html Thu, 05 Dec 2024 20:28:13 -0500 https://pubs.ext.vt.edu/420/420-006/420-006.html U.S. Fish and Wildlife ServiceExpert-ReviewedCollege of Natural Resources and EnvironmentFish and Wildlife ConservationWildlife 2024-08-08T14:29:00.000-04:00

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Virginia Cooperative Extension is a partnership of Virginia Tech, Virginia State University, the U.S. Department of Agriculture, and local governments. Its programs and employment are open to all, regardless of age, color, disability, sex (including pregnancy), gender, gender identity, gender expression, genetic information, ethnicity or national origin, political affiliation, race, religion, sexual orientation, or military status, or any other basis protected by law.

]]> Managing Wildlife Damage: Snakes https://pubs.ext.vt.edu/420/420-021/420-021.html Fri, 22 Nov 2024 15:15:50 -0500 https://pubs.ext.vt.edu/420/420-021/420-021.html ForestryExpert-ReviewedAgricultural and Natural Resources (ANR)College of Natural Resources and EnvironmentFish and Wildlife ConservationWildlife 2024-06-03T00:00:00.000-04:00

Virginia Cooperative Extension materials are available for public use, reprint, or citation without further permission, provided the use includes credit to the author and to Virginia Cooperative Extension, Virginia Tech, and Virginia State University.

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Virginia Cooperative Extension is a partnership of Virginia Tech, Virginia State University, the U.S. Department of Agriculture, and local governments. Its programs and employment are open to all, regardless of age, color, disability, sex (including pregnancy), gender, gender identity, gender expression, genetic information, ethnicity or national origin, political affiliation, race, religion, sexual orientation, or military status, or any other basis protected by law.

]]> Sustainable Forestry: A Guide for Virginia Forest Landowners https://pubs.ext.vt.edu/420/420-139/420-139.html Tue, 17 Dec 2024 22:19:21 -0500 https://pubs.ext.vt.edu/420/420-139/420-139.html Invasive SpeciesForestryExpert-ReviewedCollege of Natural Resources and EnvironmentForestryWildlife 2023-02-02T14:05:00.000-05:00

Virginia Cooperative Extension materials are available for public use, reprint, or citation without further permission, provided the use includes credit to the author and to Virginia Cooperative Extension, Virginia Tech, and Virginia State University.

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Virginia Cooperative Extension is a partnership of Virginia Tech, Virginia State University, the U.S. Department of Agriculture, and local governments. Its programs and employment are open to all, regardless of age, color, disability, sex (including pregnancy), gender, gender identity, gender expression, genetic information, ethnicity or national origin, political affiliation, race, religion, sexual orientation, or military status, or any other basis protected by law.

]]> Managing Human-Wildlife Interactions: Black Bear (Ursus americanus) https://pubs.ext.vt.edu/420/420-200/420-200.html Fri, 20 Dec 2024 20:00:22 -0500 https://pubs.ext.vt.edu/420/420-200/420-200.html College of Natural Resources and EnvironmentExpert-ReviewedWildlife 2022-05-11T00:00:00.000-04:00

Virginia Cooperative Extension materials are available for public use, reprint, or citation without further permission, provided the use includes credit to the author and to Virginia Cooperative Extension, Virginia Tech, and Virginia State University.

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Virginia Cooperative Extension is a partnership of Virginia Tech, Virginia State University, the U.S. Department of Agriculture, and local governments. Its programs and employment are open to all, regardless of age, color, disability, sex (including pregnancy), gender, gender identity, gender expression, genetic information, ethnicity or national origin, political affiliation, race, religion, sexual orientation, or military status, or any other basis protected by law.

]]> Managing Human-Wildlife Interactions: Moles https://pubs.ext.vt.edu/420/420-201/420-201.html Fri, 13 Dec 2024 22:00:08 -0500 https://pubs.ext.vt.edu/420/420-201/420-201.html TurfGarden Insects PestsExpert-ReviewedCollege of Natural Resources and EnvironmentFish and Wildlife ConservationWildlife 2023-06-27T00:00:00.000-04:00

Virginia Cooperative Extension materials are available for public use, reprint, or citation without further permission, provided the use includes credit to the author and to Virginia Cooperative Extension, Virginia Tech, and Virginia State University.

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Virginia Cooperative Extension is a partnership of Virginia Tech, Virginia State University, the U.S. Department of Agriculture, and local governments. Its programs and employment are open to all, regardless of age, color, disability, sex (including pregnancy), gender, gender identity, gender expression, genetic information, ethnicity or national origin, political affiliation, race, religion, sexual orientation, or military status, or any other basis protected by law.

]]> Managing Wildlife Damage: Beavers (Castor canadensis) https://pubs.ext.vt.edu/420/420-202/420-202.html Fri, 13 Dec 2024 22:12:02 -0500 https://pubs.ext.vt.edu/420/420-202/420-202.html Expert-ReviewedCollege of Natural Resources and EnvironmentNatural Resources & Environmental QualityForestryFish and Wildlife ConservationWildlife 2023-05-25T15:27:00.000-04:00

Virginia Cooperative Extension materials are available for public use, reprint, or citation without further permission, provided the use includes credit to the author and to Virginia Cooperative Extension, Virginia Tech, and Virginia State University.

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Virginia Cooperative Extension is a partnership of Virginia Tech, Virginia State University, the U.S. Department of Agriculture, and local governments. Its programs and employment are open to all, regardless of age, color, disability, sex (including pregnancy), gender, gender identity, gender expression, genetic information, ethnicity or national origin, political affiliation, race, religion, sexual orientation, or military status, or any other basis protected by law.

]]> Sustaining America's Aquatic Biodiversity - Freshwater Snail Biodiversity and Conservation https://pubs.ext.vt.edu/420/420-530/420-530.html Tue, 26 Nov 2024 22:55:03 -0500 https://pubs.ext.vt.edu/420/420-530/420-530.html College of Natural Resources and EnvironmentWildlifeFisheriesNatural ResourcesExpert-ReviewedTennessee Aquarium Research InstituteEnvironmental Quality 2019-11-05T14:23:00.000-05:00

Virginia Cooperative Extension materials are available for public use, reprint, or citation without further permission, provided the use includes credit to the author and to Virginia Cooperative Extension, Virginia Tech, and Virginia State University.

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Virginia Cooperative Extension is a partnership of Virginia Tech, Virginia State University, the U.S. Department of Agriculture, and local governments. Its programs and employment are open to all, regardless of age, color, disability, sex (including pregnancy), gender, gender identity, gender expression, genetic information, ethnicity or national origin, political affiliation, race, religion, sexual orientation, or military status, or any other basis protected by law.

]]> Sustaining America's Aquatic Biodiversity - Aquatic Insect Biodiversity and Conservation https://pubs.ext.vt.edu/420/420-531/420-531.html Tue, 26 Nov 2024 22:53:44 -0500 https://pubs.ext.vt.edu/420/420-531/420-531.html FisheriesExpert-ReviewedEntomologyCollege of Natural Resources and EnvironmentNatural Resources & Environmental QualityWildlife 2019-12-17T00:00:00.000-05:00

Virginia Cooperative Extension materials are available for public use, reprint, or citation without further permission, provided the use includes credit to the author and to Virginia Cooperative Extension, Virginia Tech, and Virginia State University.

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Virginia Cooperative Extension is a partnership of Virginia Tech, Virginia State University, the U.S. Department of Agriculture, and local governments. Its programs and employment are open to all, regardless of age, color, disability, sex (including pregnancy), gender, gender identity, gender expression, genetic information, ethnicity or national origin, political affiliation, race, religion, sexual orientation, or military status, or any other basis protected by law.

]]> Management of Wood Ducks on Private Lands and Waters https://pubs.ext.vt.edu/420/420-802/420-802.html Wed, 21 Aug 2024 11:31:47 -0400 https://pubs.ext.vt.edu/420/420-802/420-802.html FisheriesFish and Wildlife ConservationWildlife 2009-05-01T01:00:00.000-04:00

Virginia Cooperative Extension materials are available for public use, reprint, or citation without further permission, provided the use includes credit to the author and to Virginia Cooperative Extension, Virginia Tech, and Virginia State University.

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Virginia Cooperative Extension is a partnership of Virginia Tech, Virginia State University, the U.S. Department of Agriculture, and local governments. Its programs and employment are open to all, regardless of age, color, disability, sex (including pregnancy), gender, gender identity, gender expression, genetic information, ethnicity or national origin, political affiliation, race, religion, sexual orientation, or military status, or any other basis protected by law.

]]> Urban Water-Quality Management: Wildlife in the Home Pond Garden https://pubs.ext.vt.edu/426/426-045/426-045.html Thu, 07 Sep 2023 16:27:26 -0400 https://pubs.ext.vt.edu/426/426-045/426-045.html Gardening & The EnvironmentVirginia Cooperative Extension Unit OfficeSchool of Plant and Environmental SciencesWildlifeHampton Roads Agricultural Research and Extension Center 2020-09-02T00:00:00.000-04:00

Virginia Cooperative Extension materials are available for public use, reprint, or citation without further permission, provided the use includes credit to the author and to Virginia Cooperative Extension, Virginia Tech, and Virginia State University.

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Virginia Cooperative Extension is a partnership of Virginia Tech, Virginia State University, the U.S. Department of Agriculture, and local governments. Its programs and employment are open to all, regardless of age, color, disability, sex (including pregnancy), gender, gender identity, gender expression, genetic information, ethnicity or national origin, political affiliation, race, religion, sexual orientation, or military status, or any other basis protected by law.

]]> Backyard Wildlife Habitats https://pubs.ext.vt.edu/426/426-070/426-070.html Tue, 19 Mar 2024 11:49:39 -0400 https://pubs.ext.vt.edu/426/426-070/426-070.html WildlifeHorticultureGarden & Landscape Design 2020-10-28T15:56:00.000-04:00

Virginia Cooperative Extension materials are available for public use, reprint, or citation without further permission, provided the use includes credit to the author and to Virginia Cooperative Extension, Virginia Tech, and Virginia State University.

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Virginia Cooperative Extension is a partnership of Virginia Tech, Virginia State University, the U.S. Department of Agriculture, and local governments. Its programs and employment are open to all, regardless of age, color, disability, sex (including pregnancy), gender, gender identity, gender expression, genetic information, ethnicity or national origin, political affiliation, race, religion, sexual orientation, or military status, or any other basis protected by law.

]]> Virginia Master Naturalist, Basic Training Course, Mammalogy https://pubs.ext.vt.edu/465/465-314/465-314.html Thu, 21 Nov 2024 17:55:41 -0500 https://pubs.ext.vt.edu/465/465-314/465-314.html Expert-ReviewedAgricultural and Natural Resources (ANR)College of Natural Resources and EnvironmentVirginia Commonwealth UniversityWildlife 2024-02-26T00:00:00.000-05:00

Virginia Cooperative Extension materials are available for public use, reprint, or citation without further permission, provided the use includes credit to the author and to Virginia Cooperative Extension, Virginia Tech, and Virginia State University.

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Virginia Cooperative Extension is a partnership of Virginia Tech, Virginia State University, the U.S. Department of Agriculture, and local governments. Its programs and employment are open to all, regardless of age, color, disability, sex (including pregnancy), gender, gender identity, gender expression, genetic information, ethnicity or national origin, political affiliation, race, religion, sexual orientation, or military status, or any other basis protected by law.

]]> Cormorant Predation of Commercial Catfish Aquaculture in the Mississippi Delta https://pubs.ext.vt.edu/AAEC/AAEC-231/AAEC-231.html Sun, 28 Apr 2024 22:16:05 -0400 https://pubs.ext.vt.edu/AAEC/AAEC-231/AAEC-231.html Aquaculture & SeafoodAgricultural and Applied EconomicsFarm Business Mgmt. & PlanningGovernment Programs & PolicyWildlife 2020-03-09T13:55:00.000-04:00

Virginia Cooperative Extension materials are available for public use, reprint, or citation without further permission, provided the use includes credit to the author and to Virginia Cooperative Extension, Virginia Tech, and Virginia State University.

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Virginia Cooperative Extension is a partnership of Virginia Tech, Virginia State University, the U.S. Department of Agriculture, and local governments. Its programs and employment are open to all, regardless of age, color, disability, sex (including pregnancy), gender, gender identity, gender expression, genetic information, ethnicity or national origin, political affiliation, race, religion, sexual orientation, or military status, or any other basis protected by law.

]]> Tree Seedling and Understory Plant Presence in Deer Exclosures on the Matthews State Forest https://pubs.ext.vt.edu/CNRE/CNRE-138/CNRE-138.html Thu, 21 Mar 2024 19:03:35 -0400 https://pubs.ext.vt.edu/CNRE/CNRE-138/CNRE-138.html College of Natural Resources and EnvironmentForestryWildlife 2022-02-04T12:45:00.000-05:00

Virginia Cooperative Extension materials are available for public use, reprint, or citation without further permission, provided the use includes credit to the author and to Virginia Cooperative Extension, Virginia Tech, and Virginia State University.

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Virginia Cooperative Extension is a partnership of Virginia Tech, Virginia State University, the U.S. Department of Agriculture, and local governments. Its programs and employment are open to all, regardless of age, color, disability, sex (including pregnancy), gender, gender identity, gender expression, genetic information, ethnicity or national origin, political affiliation, race, religion, sexual orientation, or military status, or any other basis protected by law.

]]> Woodland Health Practices Handbook https://pubs.ext.vt.edu/CNRE/cnre-109/cnre-109.html Fri, 26 May 2023 08:10:56 -0400 https://pubs.ext.vt.edu/CNRE/cnre-109/cnre-109.html LawnsCollege of Natural Resources and EnvironmentWildlifeMaryland Cooperative ExtensionTrees, Shrubs, & GroundcoversNatural ResourcesPenn State ExtensionUniversity of MarylandGarden & Landscape Design 2022-12-13T14:15:00.000-05:00

Virginia Cooperative Extension materials are available for public use, reprint, or citation without further permission, provided the use includes credit to the author and to Virginia Cooperative Extension, Virginia Tech, and Virginia State University.

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Virginia Cooperative Extension is a partnership of Virginia Tech, Virginia State University, the U.S. Department of Agriculture, and local governments. Its programs and employment are open to all, regardless of age, color, disability, sex (including pregnancy), gender, gender identity, gender expression, genetic information, ethnicity or national origin, political affiliation, race, religion, sexual orientation, or military status, or any other basis protected by law.

]]> Managing Human-Wildlife Interactions: Feral Swine (Sus scrofa) https://pubs.ext.vt.edu/CNRE/cnre-146/cnre-146.html Fri, 20 Dec 2024 20:03:30 -0500 https://pubs.ext.vt.edu/CNRE/cnre-146/cnre-146.html SwineExpert-ReviewedCollege of Natural Resources and EnvironmentWildlife 2022-05-10T15:51:00.000-04:00

Virginia Cooperative Extension materials are available for public use, reprint, or citation without further permission, provided the use includes credit to the author and to Virginia Cooperative Extension, Virginia Tech, and Virginia State University.

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Virginia Cooperative Extension is a partnership of Virginia Tech, Virginia State University, the U.S. Department of Agriculture, and local governments. Its programs and employment are open to all, regardless of age, color, disability, sex (including pregnancy), gender, gender identity, gender expression, genetic information, ethnicity or national origin, political affiliation, race, religion, sexual orientation, or military status, or any other basis protected by law.

]]> Managing Human-Wildlife Interactions: Woodpeckers https://pubs.ext.vt.edu/CNRE/cnre-147/cnre-147.html Thu, 30 Nov 2023 08:37:46 -0500 https://pubs.ext.vt.edu/CNRE/cnre-147/cnre-147.html College of Natural Resources and EnvironmentWildlife 2022-05-04T14:20:00.000-04:00

Virginia Cooperative Extension materials are available for public use, reprint, or citation without further permission, provided the use includes credit to the author and to Virginia Cooperative Extension, Virginia Tech, and Virginia State University.

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Virginia Cooperative Extension is a partnership of Virginia Tech, Virginia State University, the U.S. Department of Agriculture, and local governments. Its programs and employment are open to all, regardless of age, color, disability, sex (including pregnancy), gender, gender identity, gender expression, genetic information, ethnicity or national origin, political affiliation, race, religion, sexual orientation, or military status, or any other basis protected by law.

]]> Managing Human-Wildlife Interactions: Raccoons (Procyon lotor) https://pubs.ext.vt.edu/CNRE/cnre-148/cnre-148.html Fri, 20 Dec 2024 18:54:28 -0500 https://pubs.ext.vt.edu/CNRE/cnre-148/cnre-148.html College of Natural Resources and EnvironmentWildlife 2022-06-09T17:40:00.000-04:00

Virginia Cooperative Extension materials are available for public use, reprint, or citation without further permission, provided the use includes credit to the author and to Virginia Cooperative Extension, Virginia Tech, and Virginia State University.

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Virginia Cooperative Extension is a partnership of Virginia Tech, Virginia State University, the U.S. Department of Agriculture, and local governments. Its programs and employment are open to all, regardless of age, color, disability, sex (including pregnancy), gender, gender identity, gender expression, genetic information, ethnicity or national origin, political affiliation, race, religion, sexual orientation, or military status, or any other basis protected by law.

]]> Managing Human-Wildlife Interactions: Woodchuck (Marmota monax) https://pubs.ext.vt.edu/CNRE/cnre-159/cnre-159.html Thu, 21 Nov 2024 16:35:31 -0500 https://pubs.ext.vt.edu/CNRE/cnre-159/cnre-159.html Expert-Reviewed4-H Natural Resources & Environmental EducationCollege of Natural Resources and EnvironmentWildlife 2022-11-08T08:38:00.000-05:00

Virginia Cooperative Extension materials are available for public use, reprint, or citation without further permission, provided the use includes credit to the author and to Virginia Cooperative Extension, Virginia Tech, and Virginia State University.

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Virginia Cooperative Extension is a partnership of Virginia Tech, Virginia State University, the U.S. Department of Agriculture, and local governments. Its programs and employment are open to all, regardless of age, color, disability, sex (including pregnancy), gender, gender identity, gender expression, genetic information, ethnicity or national origin, political affiliation, race, religion, sexual orientation, or military status, or any other basis protected by law.

]]> Managing Wildlife Damage: Canada Goose (Branta canadensis) https://pubs.ext.vt.edu/CNRE/cnre-160/cnre-160.html Wed, 18 Dec 2024 00:37:18 -0500 https://pubs.ext.vt.edu/CNRE/cnre-160/cnre-160.html Expert-ReviewedForestryFish and Wildlife ConservationWildlife 2023-02-03T09:25:00.000-05:00

Virginia Cooperative Extension materials are available for public use, reprint, or citation without further permission, provided the use includes credit to the author and to Virginia Cooperative Extension, Virginia Tech, and Virginia State University.

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Virginia Cooperative Extension is a partnership of Virginia Tech, Virginia State University, the U.S. Department of Agriculture, and local governments. Its programs and employment are open to all, regardless of age, color, disability, sex (including pregnancy), gender, gender identity, gender expression, genetic information, ethnicity or national origin, political affiliation, race, religion, sexual orientation, or military status, or any other basis protected by law.

]]> Managing Human-Wildlife Interactions: Coyote (Canis latrans) https://pubs.ext.vt.edu/CNRE/cnre-172/cnre-172.html Fri, 13 Dec 2024 18:17:43 -0500 https://pubs.ext.vt.edu/CNRE/cnre-172/cnre-172.html Natural ResourcesExpert-ReviewedPasture & Forage - Animal Agriculture4-H Natural Resources & Environmental EducationCollege of Natural Resources and EnvironmentWildlife 2023-08-15T11:09:00.000-04:00

Virginia Cooperative Extension materials are available for public use, reprint, or citation without further permission, provided the use includes credit to the author and to Virginia Cooperative Extension, Virginia Tech, and Virginia State University.

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Virginia Cooperative Extension is a partnership of Virginia Tech, Virginia State University, the U.S. Department of Agriculture, and local governments. Its programs and employment are open to all, regardless of age, color, disability, sex (including pregnancy), gender, gender identity, gender expression, genetic information, ethnicity or national origin, political affiliation, race, religion, sexual orientation, or military status, or any other basis protected by law.

]]> Managing Human-Wildlife Interactions: Woodland (Microtus pinetorum) and Meadow (Microtus pennsylvaticus) Voles https://pubs.ext.vt.edu/CNRE/cnre-181/cnre-181.html Thu, 05 Dec 2024 23:04:29 -0500 https://pubs.ext.vt.edu/CNRE/cnre-181/cnre-181.html TurfExpert-ReviewedPasture & Forage - Crops & SoilsLawnsCollege of Natural Resources and EnvironmentWildlife 2024-08-01T15:30:00.000-04:00

Virginia Cooperative Extension materials are available for public use, reprint, or citation without further permission, provided the use includes credit to the author and to Virginia Cooperative Extension, Virginia Tech, and Virginia State University.

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Virginia Cooperative Extension is a partnership of Virginia Tech, Virginia State University, the U.S. Department of Agriculture, and local governments. Its programs and employment are open to all, regardless of age, color, disability, sex (including pregnancy), gender, gender identity, gender expression, genetic information, ethnicity or national origin, political affiliation, race, religion, sexual orientation, or military status, or any other basis protected by law.

]]> Large and Unusual Insects Found in Virginia https://pubs.ext.vt.edu/ENTO/ENTO-148/ENTO-148.html Fri, 10 Nov 2023 12:41:52 -0500 https://pubs.ext.vt.edu/ENTO/ENTO-148/ENTO-148.html Natural ResourcesGarden Insects PestsLawnsEntomologyWildlife 2021-03-02T18:15:15.000-05:00

Virginia Cooperative Extension materials are available for public use, reprint, or citation without further permission, provided the use includes credit to the author and to Virginia Cooperative Extension, Virginia Tech, and Virginia State University.

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Virginia Cooperative Extension is a partnership of Virginia Tech, Virginia State University, the U.S. Department of Agriculture, and local governments. Its programs and employment are open to all, regardless of age, color, disability, sex (including pregnancy), gender, gender identity, gender expression, genetic information, ethnicity or national origin, political affiliation, race, religion, sexual orientation, or military status, or any other basis protected by law.

]]> Converting pastures to native warm season grasses: Summer forage and wildlife habitat in Caroline County https://pubs.ext.vt.edu/SPES/SPES-308/SPES-308.html Wed, 22 Feb 2023 14:54:02 -0500 https://pubs.ext.vt.edu/SPES/SPES-308/SPES-308.html Natural ResourcesSchool of Plant and Environmental SciencesPasture & Forage - Crops & SoilsWildlife 2021-03-05T13:25:25.000-05:00

Virginia Cooperative Extension materials are available for public use, reprint, or citation without further permission, provided the use includes credit to the author and to Virginia Cooperative Extension, Virginia Tech, and Virginia State University.

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Virginia Cooperative Extension is a partnership of Virginia Tech, Virginia State University, the U.S. Department of Agriculture, and local governments. Its programs and employment are open to all, regardless of age, color, disability, sex (including pregnancy), gender, gender identity, gender expression, genetic information, ethnicity or national origin, political affiliation, race, religion, sexual orientation, or military status, or any other basis protected by law.

]]> Pesticide Applicator Manuals https://pubs.ext.vt.edu/VTTP/VTTP-2/VTTP-2.html Thu, 12 Oct 2023 14:46:34 -0400 https://pubs.ext.vt.edu/VTTP/VTTP-2/VTTP-2.html Home PestsAquaculture & SeafoodPesticide Safety EducationPublications for SaleWeedsGarden Insects PestsPasture & Forage - Crops & SoilsCropsHome SystemsWildlifeFisheriesForestryPasture & Forage - Animal AgricultureAgricultural Insects PestsSoils 2021-12-17T14:24:00.000-05:00

Virginia Cooperative Extension materials are available for public use, reprint, or citation without further permission, provided the use includes credit to the author and to Virginia Cooperative Extension, Virginia Tech, and Virginia State University.

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Virginia Cooperative Extension is a partnership of Virginia Tech, Virginia State University, the U.S. Department of Agriculture, and local governments. Its programs and employment are open to all, regardless of age, color, disability, sex (including pregnancy), gender, gender identity, gender expression, genetic information, ethnicity or national origin, political affiliation, race, religion, sexual orientation, or military status, or any other basis protected by law.

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