Resources for Plant Pathology, Physiology and Weed Science
Title | Available As | Summary | Date | ID | Author |
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Prevention and Control of Palmer Amaranth in Soybean | Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri), a member of the "pigweed" family, is one of the most troublesome weeds in many southern row crops. Seed can germinate all season and plants can grow to over 6 feet in height. Plants have either male flowers that shed pollen or female flowers that can produce up to 600,000 seed per plant. One Palmer amaranth per meter of row can reduce soybean yield 32%. |
Jun 1, 2016 | 2808-1006 (PPWS-78NP) | ||
Soybean Rust Incidence and the Response of Soybeans to Fungicides in 2007 | May 1, 2009 | 2810-1016 | |||
Fusarium Wilt of Mimosa (Albizia julibrissin) | Fusarium wilt is a common and lethal disease of mimosa (Albizia julibrissin)1, also commonly known as silktree. In the United States this disease occurs in the east from New York southward and also in Louisiana, Arkansas and California. Fusarium wilt is caused by the fungus Fusarium oxysporum forma specialis perniciosum. Albizia spp. are the only known host of F. oxysporum'' f.sp. ''perniciosum''. Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. perniciosum colonizes and clogs the tree’s vascular
(water-conducting) tissue, and interferes with the movement of plant sap. This results in relatively
rapid tree death. |
Jan 20, 2015 | 2811-1020(PPWS-53NP) | ||
Cost and benefit of seed treatments and Temik 15G in furrow for seedling disease and nematode control in Virginia, 2008 | Nov 19, 2009 | 2911-1419 | |||
Soybean Rust Incidence and the Response of Soybeans to Fungicides in 2008 | Nov 19, 2009 | 2911-1420 | |||
Bacterial Leaf Scorch of Landscape Trees | Jan 11, 2010 | 3001-1433 | |||
Common Diseases of Soybean in the Mid-Atlantic Region | Feb 17, 2010 | 3001-1435 | |||
Bean Pod Mottle Virus in Virginia Soybeans | Sep 9, 2010 | 3009-1461 | |||
Soybean Rust Incidence and the Response of Soybeans to Fungicides in 2009 | Dec 21, 2010 | 3012-1520 | |||
Managing Fusarium Head Blight in Virginia Small Grains | Fusarium head blight (FHB), or scab, continues to impact small grain crops grown in Virginia. Caused primarily by the fungus Fusarium graminearum (also known as Gibberella zeae), this disease can negatively impact yield and grain quality. |
Mar 4, 2011 | 3102-1535 | ||
No-Till Seeding of Forage Grasses and Legumes | May 1, 2009 | 418-007 | |||
No-Tillage Small Grain Production in Virginia | May 1, 2009 | 424-005 | |||
Growing Hulless Barley in the Mid-Atlantic | May 1, 2009 | 424-022 | |||
Growing Bread Wheat in the Mid-Atlantic Region | May 1, 2009 | 424-024 | |||
Successful No-Tillage Corn Production | Jul 29, 2009 | 424-030 | |||
Agronomy Handbook, 2000 | May 1, 2009 | 424-100 |
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Virginia Cotton Report, 2006: Evaluation of Chemicals and Variety Selection for Control of Nematodes in Cotton | May 1, 2009 | 424-234 | |||
Identification and Control of Annual Ryegrass in No-Till Corn in Virginia | May 1, 2009 | 427-001 | |||
Control of Common Pasture and Hayfield Weeds in Virginia and West Virginia | May 1, 2009 | 427-002 | |||
Itchgrass Identification and Control in Virginia | May 1, 2009 | 427-008 | |||
Fall Lawn Care | The fall season is an important transition period of
turfgrass growth and development, and the management
of your warm- and cool-season grasses at this
time of year means a great deal in terms of anticipated
success in your lawn the following spring. |
Jul 2, 2015 | 430-520(CSES-109P) | ||
Maintenance Calendar for Warm-Season Lawns in Virginia | Feb 25, 2016 | 430-522 (CSES-152P) | |||
Maintenance Calendar for Cool-Season Turfgrasses in Virginia | Feb 3, 2016 | 430-523 (CSES-153NP) | |||
Pest Monitoring Calendar for Home Lawns in Virginia | May 1, 2009 | 430-524 | |||
Spring and Summer Lawn Management Considerations for Cool-Season Turfgrasses | May 1, 2009 | 430-532 | |||
Spring and Summer Lawn Management Considerations for Warm-Season Turfgrasses | May 1, 2009 | 430-533 | |||
Lawn Moss: Friend or Foe? | May 1, 2009 | 430-536 | |||
Nozzles: Selection and Sizing | This fact sheet covers nozzle description, recommended use for common nozzle types, and orifice sizing for agricultural and turf sprayers. Proper selection of a nozzle type and size is essential for correct and accurate pesticide application. The nozzle is a major factor in determining the amount of spray applied to an area, uniformity of application, coverage obtained on the target surface, and amount of potential drift. |
Jan 31, 2014 | 442-032 (BSE-103P) | ||
Root-knot Nematode in Field Corn | May 1, 2009 | 444-107 | |||
Farm Security - “Treat it Seriously” – Security for Plant Agriculture: On-Farm Assessment and Security Practices | Mar 9, 2011 | 445-005 | |||
Plant Disease Diagnostic Form | Plant Disease Diagnostic Form |
May 13, 2016 | 450-097 (ENTO-198NP) | ||
Identification and Control of Honeyvine Milkweed (Ampelamus albidus (Nutt.) Britt.) in Virginia | A perennial with slender, twining stems that may reach 10 feet in length. |
May 1, 2009 | 450-139 | ||
Identification and Control of Hemp Dogbane (Apocynum cannabinum L.) in Virginia | May 1, 2009 | 450-140 | |||
Identification and Control of Mugwort (Artemisia vulgaris L.) in Virginia | Perennial weed with persistent rhizomes that may be spread or transported by cultivation equipment or also in burlaped nursery stock infested with rhizomes. |
May 1, 2009 | 450-141 | ||
Identification and Control of Horsenettle (Solanum carolinense L.) in Virginia | A perennial from rhizomes with conspicuous spines on leaves and stems reaching 3 feet in height. |
May 1, 2009 | 450-142 | ||
Identification and Control of Trumpetcreeper (Campsis radicans (L.) Seem ex Bureau) in Virginia | Perennial woody vine that may reach 40 feet or more in length. |
May 1, 2009 | 450-143 | ||
Problem-free Shrubs for Virginia Landscapes | The most effective form of plant disease control in the landscape is prevention. Disease prevention can be as simple as choosing the right plant for the right place at planting time. This fact sheet was developed as a guide to shrubs that generally experience few problems in Virginia landscapes. Using these species for new plantings should help you avoid troublesome disease and insect problems in your landscape. |
Jun 27, 2016 | 450-236 (PPWS-69P) | ||
Problem-free Trees for Virginia Landscapes | Many of the tree species commonly planted in Virginia landscapes suffer from disease problems. Although some diseases can be cured, most must be controlled on a preventative basis. The best option for new plantings is to choose species that have a low risk of developing disease.
Listed below, in alphabetical order, are some choices of problem-free trees for Virginia landscapes. |
Oct 19, 2016 | 450-237 (PPWS-70P) | ||
Asian Soybean Rust - Frequently Asked Questions I: Background and General Information | May 1, 2009 | 450-301 | |||
Asian Soybean Rust - Frequently Asked Questions II: Identification, Biology, and Ecology | May 1, 2009 | 450-302 | |||
Asian Soybean Rust - Frequently Asked Questions III: Control with Fungicides | May 1, 2009 | 450-303 | |||
Asian Soybean Rust - Frequently Asked Questions IV: Cropping Systems and Cultural Practices | May 1, 2009 | 450-304 | |||
Soybean Disease Control: Response of Soybeans to Foliar Sprays of Fungicides in 2005 | May 1, 2009 | 450-561 | |||
Soybean Rust Incidence and the Response of Soybeans to Foliar Fungicides in 2006 | The spread of soybean rust northward through states along the Atlantic Coast began on soybeans in Alabama, Georgia, and Florida. The disease was first reported in South Carolina on 21 August, North Carolina on 14 September, and Virginia on 9 October. The epidemic of 2006 was far reaching in that disease outbreaks occurred on soybeans as far north as Illinois and Indiana and east to Virginia |
May 1, 2009 | 450-562 | ||
Iris Leaf Spot | Iris leaf spot (also called Heterosporium leaf spot) is the
most common disease of iris in Virginia. It is caused by
the fungus Cladosporium iridis (syn. Heterosporium
iridis). Leaf spotting is most conspicuous on the
upper half of the leaf following bloom. Although this
pathogen is most common on bulbous iris, it can also
cause severe damage to rhizomatous iris, and has also
been reported on Gladiolus, Freesia and Narcissus
species. |
Nov 1, 2016 | 450-600 (PPWS-90NP) | ||
Juniper Tip Blights | Mar 30, 2017 | 450-601 (PPWS-91 NP) | |||
Botrytis Blight of Peony | Botrytis blight is a common fungal disease that confronts
the peony grower each spring. The fungus Botrytis
cinerea blights stems, buds, and leaves and can cause
plants to look unsightly, especially in wet springs. This
fungus causes disease on a wide variety of herbaceous
and woody ornamentals, as well as vegetables and small
fruits. It is sometimes referred to as “gray mold” because
of the conspicuous, fluffy, gray fungal growth that forms
on infected plant parts. |
Sep 26, 2016 | 450-602 (PPWS-93NP) | ||
Powdery Mildew of Ornamental Plants | Powdery mildew fungi attack a variety of ornamental plants grown in Virginia. |
May 1, 2009 | 450-603 | ||
Leaf and Flower Gall of Azalea and Camellia | Leaf and flower gall is a disease that is common on
azaleas and camellias in the spring. The disease has
also been reported on other members of the plant family
Ericaceae. It occurs in home landscapes and nurseries,
and is often seen on flame azaleas in the forest in the
spring. The disease is caused by species of the fungus
Exobasidium. |
Oct 18, 2016 | 450-605 (PPWS-92NP) | ||
Entomosporium Leaf Spot of Photinia | Photinia, a shrub belonging to the plant family
Rosaceae, is a popular landscape shrub in the
southeastern U.S. Several species are grown, but
the most popular is the hybrid Photinia ×fraseri, or
“redtip”, so named for its bright red, immature foliage.
The biggest drawback to growing photinia is a leaf
spot disease caused by the fungus Diplocarpon mespili
(syn. Entomosporium mespili) to which redtip is
highly susceptible. |
Sep 30, 2016 | 450-609 (PPWS-82P) | ||
Gray Leaf Spot Disease of Corn | Gray leaf spot disease of corn caused by the fungus Cercospora zeae-maydis, poses a serious threat to corn production in many areas of the eastern United States, including Virginia, and more recently in large areas of the U. S. Corn Belt |
May 1, 2009 | 450-612 | ||
Rose Rosette Disease | Rose rosette disease (RRD), a disease believed to be caused by the recently identified Rose rosette virus, has been spreading through much of the wild rose population of the Midwestern, Southern, and Eastern United States for years. |
Sep 17, 2012 | 450-620 (PPWS-10P) | ||
Corn Smut | Common smut of corn is caused by the fungus Ustilago maydis. The fungus causes gall formation on all aboveground parts of corn plant |
May 1, 2009 | 450-706 | ||
Anthracnose on Snap Beans | Anthracnose is a major disease of the common snap
bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) and can occur on other
legumes. It is caused by the fungus Colletotrichum
lindemuthianum. When environmental conditions are
favorable, crop losses can be as high as 100 percent on
susceptible cultivars of snap beans. |
Jan 29, 2014 | 450-719 (PPWS-26NP) | ||
Brown Rot on Peach and Other Stone Fruits | Brown rot is one of the most destructive diseases of peach and nectarine in Virginia, and also occurs on other stone fruits such as apricot, cherry, and plum. When environmental conditions favor this disease, crop loss can be devastating. |
Mar 25, 2015 | 450-721 (PPWS-64P) | ||
Reducing Pesticide Use in the Home Lawn and Garden | Pesticide use affects the quality of human health, the environment, and nontarget organisms in the ecosystem. Therefore, any pesticide application warrants a careful assessment of the expected benefits and risks. Too often, however, homeowners use pesticides inappropriately or without careful consideration of alternatives. This fact sheet outlines general pest control tactics that can easily be implemented for home lawns and gardens, along with other information that home owners can use to make sound pest management decisions. The intent is to ensure that homeowners are aware of alternative control tactics and pesticide characteristics, and that pesticides are used properly and only when necessary. |
Apr 29, 2015 | 450-725 (PPWS-56P) | ||
Botryosphaeria Canker and Dieback of Trees and Shrubs in the Landscape | Most trees and shrubs are susceptible to dieback and cankers caused by several species of the fungal genus Botryosphaeria. Botryosphaeria fungi are typically opportunistic pathogens. Opportunistic pathogens only cause disease on plants that are stressed. Therefore, avoiding plant stress, which predisposes plant tissue to infection and colonization by this fungal group, is the best strategy to prevent Botryosphaeria disease problems. |
Mar 16, 2015 | 450-726 (PPWS-50) | ||
Pest Management Guide: Field Crops, 2018 | Mar 1, 2018 | 456-016 (ENTO-239P) | |||
Pest Management Guide: Horticultural and Forest Crops, 2018 | Mar 21, 2018 | 456-017 (ENTO-240P) | |||
Pest Management Guide: Home Grounds and Animals, 2018 | This 2018 Virginia Pest Management Guide provides the latest recommendations for controlling diseases, insects, and weeds for home grounds and animals. The chemical controls in this guide are based on the latest pesticide label information at the time of writing. Because pesticide labels change, read the label directions carefully before buying and using any pesticide. Regardless of the information provided here, always follow the latest product label instructions when using any pesticide.
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Mar 19, 2018 | 456-018 (ENTO-238P) | ||
2018 Mid-Atlantic Commercial Vegetable Production Recommendations | New varieties and strains of vegetables are constantly
being developed throughout the world and it is impossible to
list and describe all of them, only those that are available and
are adapted to the mid-Atlantic region are listed in this
publication. |
Feb 9, 2018 | 456-420 (AREC-232P) | ||
Virginia Master Naturalist, Basic Training Course, Botany (Introductory Version) | Plants can be defined as multicellular
photosynthetic organisms with reproductive
structures that are more complex than
single cells. By this definition, algae are not
considered plants because they are either
unicellular or their reproductive structures
are essentially unicellular, and fungi,
too, are excluded because they are not
photosynthetic. |
Jan 31, 2014 | ANR-12NP | ||
Environmental Best Management Practices for Virginia's Golf Courses | Feb 27, 2013 | ANR-48NP | |||
Late Blight of Tomato and Potato | Jan 20, 2012 | ANR-6 | |||
Virginia Cotton Production Guide 2016 | Proper soil fertility management ensures sufficient nutrients for maximum cotton production. Obtaining and maintaining appropriate soil nutrient concentrations is imperative, as fertilizer inputs are the largest component of production budgets for Virginia cotton farmers. At the same time, excessive nutrient application wastes money, wastes natural resources, and can negatively impact yields and environmental quality. |
Feb 22, 2016 | AREC-124NP (AREC-165NP) | ||
Impact of Cotton Monoculture, Variety Selection, and Chemical Inputs on Disease Control, 2011 | Jan 27, 2012 | AREC-13 | |||
Peanut Variety and Quality Evaluation results, 2015 | Along with agronomic and grade information, data on kernel and pod quality are essential for release of new peanut cultivars to ensure acceptability by the entire peanut trade. The present report contains the quality data collected on 5 Virginia-type cultivars that currently are on the market and 31 advanced breeding lines tested in the Peanut Variety and Quality Evaluation (PVQE) small plots in 2015. |
Apr 1, 2016 | AREC-172NP | ||
Peanut Variety & Quality Evaluation Results 2016 | Due to suitability to the environmental conditions and existence of a strong peanut industry tailored to process primarily the large-seeded Virginia-type peanut, growers in Virginia, North Carolina, and South Carolina generally grow Virginia-type cultivars. In the view of a common interest in the Virginia-type peanut, the three states are working together through a multi-state project, the Peanut Variety Quality Evaluation (PVQE), to evaluate advanced breeding lines and commercial cultivars throughout their production regions. |
Dec 20, 2016 | AREC-198NP | ||
Growing 'Titan': A Large-Seeded, Virginia-Type Peanut for Specialty Markets | Jun 18, 2013 | AREC-42P | |||
Managing Troublesome Crop Weeds: Current Practices | Jul 25, 2017 | PPWS-101NP | |||
Integrated Pest Management for Plant Diseases in the Home Garden and Landscape, Learning Module I: Integrated Pest Management | Apr 22, 2015 | PPWS-14NP | |||
Integrated Pest Management for Plant Diseases in the Home Garden and Landscape, Learning Module II: The Plant Disease Triangle | Apr 22, 2015 | PPWS-15NP | |||
Impatiens Downy Mildew | May 21, 2013 | PPWS-19NP | |||
Peanut Crop Physiology Related Projects at Tidewater Agricultural Research and Extension Center 2010 | Dec 16, 2011 | PPWS-2 | |||
Best Management Practices for Boxwood Blight in the Virginia Home Landscape: Version 2, September 2016 | This Best Management Practice document is a set of guidelines for home growers of landscape boxwood to avoid introduction of the boxwood blight pathogen into a landscape or, if the disease is already present in a landscape, to manage the disease in the most effective manner and avoid spread of the disease to new locations. |
Sep 30, 2016 | PPWS-29NP (PPWS-85NP) | ||
Virginia Boxwood Blight Task Force | To provide leadership in safeguarding and protecting the ornamental horticulture industry,
historical gardens and landscape plantings from boxwood blight. |
May 20, 2014 | PPWS-30 | ||
Best Management Practices for Boxwood Blight: Best management practices for boxwood blight in Virginia production nurseries WITH boxwood blight Version 2, September 2016 | This Best Management Practice document is a set of guidelines for home growers of landscape boxwood to avoid introduction of the boxwood blight pathogen into a landscape or, if the disease is already present in a landscape, to manage the disease in the most effective manner and avoid spread of the disease to new locations. |
Sep 30, 2016 | PPWS-32NP (PPWS-87NP) | ||
Best Management Practices for Boxwood Blight in Virginia Production Nurseries WITHOUT Boxwood Blight Version 2, September 2016 | This Best Management Practice document is a set of guidelines for home growers of landscape boxwood to avoid introduction of the boxwood blight pathogen into a landscape or, if the disease is already present in a landscape, to manage the disease in the most effective manner and avoid spread of the disease to new locations. |
Sep 30, 2016 | PPWS-33NP (PPWS-86NP) | ||
Best Management Practices for Boxwood Blight: Best management practices for Virginia retail nurseries WITH boxwood blight Version 2, August 2016 | This Best Management Practice document is a set of guidelines for home growers of landscape
boxwood to avoid introduction of the boxwood blight pathogen into a landscape or, if the
disease is already present in a landscape, to manage the disease in the most effective
manner and avoid spread of the disease to new locations. |
Sep 30, 2016 | PPWS-34NP (PPWS-89NP) | ||
Best Management Practices for Boxwood Blight: Best management practices for Virginia retail nurseries WITHOUT boxwood blight Version 2, September 2016 | This Best Management Practice document is a set of guidelines for home growers of landscape
boxwood to avoid introduction of the boxwood blight pathogen into a landscape or, if the
disease is already present in a landscape, to manage the disease in the most effective
manner and avoid spread of the disease to new locations. |
Sep 30, 2016 | PPWS-35NP (PPWS-88NP) | ||
Best Management Practices for Boxwood Blight for Greenery Producers | Best management practices for boxwood blight (also called “box blight”) for
greenery producers are practices recommended to avoid the introduction and
spread of boxwood blight, caused by the fungus Calonectria
pseudonaviculata (syn. Cylindrocladium pseudonaviculatum). The
recommendations in this document are designed to avoid spread of boxwood
blight within a planting or to new locations when pruned tips are
collected, sold and/or used for holiday greenery1. These recommendations
are relevant to anyone involved in the greenery (“tipping”) industry,
including small and large-scale greenery producers, home growers who sell
boxwood tips, and people who tip-prune boxwood on other people’s property.
Care must be taken at all levels of greenery production to prevent the
spread of the boxwood blight pathogen and avoid economic losses associated
with this disease. |
Oct 13, 2016 | PPWS-39NP (PPWS-95NP) | ||
Boxwood Blight: A New Disease of Boxwood Found in the Eastern U.S. | Jan 5, 2012 | PPWS-4 | |||
Peanut (Arachis hypogaea, L.) Nutrition | Maintaining the right soil pH for each crop ensures optimal nutrient uptake by plants. For peanut, the recommended pH range is 5.8 – 6.2. If soil pH is higher than 6.2, manganese (Mn) or boron (B) deficiency may occur; if pH is less than 5.8, zinc (Zn) toxicity problems could be favored. Therefore, taking soil samples correctly is very important for correcting soil pH. A single composite sample should be taken for each 5 irrigated and 10 rainfed acres. This sample should be composed of 20 or more subsamples collected from an imaginary grid uniformly covering the land area. The subsamples should be well mixed together and only a small composite sample should be retained and sent to the soil lab. |
Sep 1, 2014 | PPWS-40NP | ||
Best Management Practices for Boxwood Blight for Professionally Managed Landscapes and Public and Historic Gardens in Virginia | Boxwood blight is caused by the fungal pathogen Calonectria pseudonaviculata (syn. Cylindrocladium buxicola). Boxwood blight was first described in the United Kingdom in the mid-1990’s and by 2002 was found in several other European countries and New Zealand. In September 2011 boxwood blight was discovered in North America. Symptoms of the disease include leaf spotting (Fig. 1), elongate, dark cankers on stems (Fig. 2), defoliation,
and dieback (Fig. 3). The primary means by which the disease spreads is the inadvertent introduction of infected boxwood to existing plantings. The pathogen can also spread by spores, which readily adhere to equipment and work clothes, and by microsclerotia, which survive in infested soil and plant debris. This document outlines best management practices for landscapers and property managers to reduce the risk of spreading boxwood blight to landscapes and public and historic gardens, and to manage the disease if it is introduced. |
Sep 26, 2016 | PPWS-49NP (PPWS-84NP) | ||
Plant Injury From Herbicide Residue | In recent years, an increased number of cases of
injury from herbicide residue in straw/hay, manure,
and compost have been diagnosed in the Virginia
Tech Plant Disease Clinic. Growers are surprised and
dismayed to learn that manure, straw, mulch, or other
amendments intended to improve their garden or
landscape might have such unforeseen consequences.
Of particular concern to organic growers are herbicide
residues. |
Aug 22, 2016 | PPWS-77P | ||
Best Management Practices for Bioenergy Crops: Reducing the Invasion Risk | Jan 5, 2012 | PPWS-8P | |||
Pyridine Herbicide Carryover: Causes and Precautions | May 9, 2012 | VTTP-6NP | |||
On the Cover of “Science” | Sep 7, 2011 | ||||
Greetings – Welcome to the annual PPWS newsletter! | Sep 7, 2011 | ||||
Alumni Spotlight | Sep 7, 2011 | ||||
Recent Faculty Hires | Sep 7, 2011 | ||||
Theses and Dissertations | Sep 7, 2011 | ||||
Awards, Scholarships, and Recognition | Sep 7, 2011 | ||||
Faculty and Staff Updates | Sep 7, 2011 | ||||
APS Potomac Division Meeting | Sep 7, 2011 | ||||
Second Annual MPS Mini-Symposium | Sep 7, 2011 | ||||
AREC-Ag Industry Tour | Sep 7, 2011 | ||||
Westwood Lab at International Parasitic Plant Conference | Sep 7, 2011 | ||||
PPWS News 2011 | Sep 7, 2011 |