Lamb and kid care: The first 48 hours

First breaths

Ensure the lamb/kid is breathing by observing the movement of the chest cavity. If the offspring does not appear to be breathing and the dam has not cleaned it up completely, begin by clearing the nose, mouth, and head of any mucus (Figure 1). The lamb/kid can be stimulated to breathe by vigorously rubbing the head and thorax with a dry towel or by initiating sneezing with a piece of straw. Additionally, you can grasp it firmly by the hind legs and swing it between your legs in an arc to remove any mucus in its airway.

Nursing

Nursing shortly after birth is vital for newborn lambs and kids, as it ensures they receive colostrum, which contains essential antibodies for immunity and survival. Early nursing also fosters bonding with the dam, reduces stress, and encourages maternal care.

Colostrum is the nutrient-rich milk produced by the dam within the first 18 hours post-birth. It contains vital antibodies that support the newborn’s immune system. Ensure the lamb or kid consumes sufficient colostrum within the first few hours, as their intestines can only absorb antibodies during the initial 16–24 hours. If natural nursing is not possible, provide frozen (Figure 2) or powdered colostrum. Freezing sheep/goat colostrum is an effective way to preserve its rich supply of nutrients and antibodies, which are essential for the health of newborns. This frozen supply can be a lifesaving resource for orphaned, rejected, or unable-to-nurse lambs/kids, and when properly stored, it can remain viable for up to a year or longer. Tube feeding may be necessary for weak or small newborns. Figure 3 is a QR code link to a video on how to properly tube-feed a lamb or kid.

Supplementation

Continued observation of lamb and kid nursing is essential. If a decrease or lack of milk intake is observed, supplementation with a high-quality lamb/kid powdered milk replacer is necessary until weaning (2 – 3 months). Follow the directions on the label to prepare the mixture and feed with a bottle and nipple.

Early feces

Meconium refers to the lamb/kids’ first defecation, and it should be dark, sticky, and thick (indicating that the digestive system is working correctly). The feces should then turn yellow or brown, with pellets becoming normal as the lamb/kid approaches 4 weeks of age. If the lamb/kid develops scours or diarrhea (loose, watery stool), it could be due to a change in milk and can clear up quickly. However, if it persists, it may indicate an infection and should be diagnosed and treated promptly.